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2025 tax planning guide
tax planning guide considerations for 2025
A key focus for 2025 tax planning involves responding to the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” (OBBBA), signed in July 2025, which permanently extends many provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). The guide for accountants should cover these changes, as well as inflation-adjusted figures and new temporary deductions.
Key individual tax provisions for 2025
Inflation-adjusted standard deduction and tax brackets
- Tax brackets: The seven tax brackets (10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, and 37%) are now permanent. The income thresholds for each bracket have increased due to inflation.
- Standard deduction: For 2025, the standard deduction is $15,750 for single filers, $31,500 for married couples filing jointly, and $23,625 for heads of household.
Temporary bonus deductions (2025–2028)
- Bonus senior deduction: Taxpayers aged 65 or older are eligible for an additional $6,000 deduction ($12,000 for married couples if both qualify). This benefit phases out for those with modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) over $75,000 for single filers and $150,000 for married filers.
- “No tax on tips”: Qualified tipped workers can deduct up to $25,000 in tips from their income. The deduction begins phasing out for single filers with MAGI over $150,000 ($300,000 for joint filers).
- “No tax on overtime”: A deduction of up to $12,500 ($25,000 for joint filers) is available for qualified overtime compensation. The same MAGI thresholds apply as with the tips deduction.
- Car loan interest deduction: Taxpayers can deduct up to $10,000 in interest on a personal loan for a new, U.S.-assembled vehicle. This benefit phases out for single filers with MAGI over $100,000 ($200,000 for joint filers).
Credits and other items
- Child Tax Credit (CTC): The maximum credit is permanently increased to $2,200 per qualifying child. The refundable portion is capped at $1,700.
- State and Local Tax (SALT) deduction: The deduction cap is temporarily raised from $10,000 to $40,000 for tax years 2025 through 2029. It begins to phase out for filers with MAGI over $500,000.
- Retirement contributions: The limit for 401(k) plans increases to $23,500. Catch-up contributions for those ages 50 and over remain at $7,500.
- IRA contributions: The annual contribution limit remains $7,000. Phaseout levels for determining eligibility for Roth IRAs and deductible contributions to traditional IRAs have increased.
- Capital gains: The income thresholds for long-term capital gains tax brackets have been adjusted for inflation.
Key business tax provisions for 2025
Permanently extended TCJA provisions
- Corporate tax rate: The 21% flat corporate tax rate is now permanent.
- Qualified Business Income (QBI) deduction: The 20% deduction for pass-through entities (S-corps, partnerships, and sole proprietorships) is permanent. The phase-in ranges were also increased.
- Bonus depreciation: The 100% bonus depreciation for qualified property is permanently restored for assets placed in service after January 19, 2025.
Other notable business changes
- Research & Development (R&D) expenses: Businesses can immediately expense domestic R&D costs, reversing the capitalization requirement imposed by the TCJA. Foreign R&D expenses must still be amortized over 15 years.
- Section 179 expensing: The maximum deduction and phaseout threshold for Section 179 are increased for 2025, allowing businesses to expense more capital expenditures.
- Form 1099-K reporting: The threshold for issuing Form 1099-K for electronic payments (e.g., Venmo, PayPal) has been significantly raised to more than $20,000 in gross payments and over 200 transactions.
- Excess business losses: The limitation on excess business losses under Section 461(l) is made permanent.
Expirations and sunsets
- Clean energy credits: The bill accelerates the end of several clean energy tax credits. Tax credits for new and used electric vehicles, residential energy improvements, and EV charging stations all have accelerated expiration dates.
- Temporary deductions expire (2028): The new temporary deductions for tips, overtime, and car loan interest are set to expire after tax year 2028.
Key tax planning considerations for accountants
- Analyze the OBBBA’s impact: Review the details of the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” with clients, as many provisions are retroactive or phased in differently.
- Assess sunsetting provisions: With several clean energy credits and temporary deductions ending, help clients plan for these expiring benefits and understand the timing.
- Optimize QBI deductions: For pass-through entities, review the now-permanent QBI deduction rules and new phaseout thresholds to maximize client savings.
- Advise on R&D expensing: Inform business clients of the return to immediate expensing for domestic R&D costs and the strategic opportunities this presents.
- Estate and gift planning: The permanent increase to the estate and gift tax exemption offers new planning opportunities for high-net-worth clients.
- Communicate with clients: Proactive communication with clients is essential to help them understand these complex changes and create an effective tax strategy.
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